Liang qichao biography of abraham lincoln

Chinese politician, activist and newscaster (–)

In this Chinese name, birth family name is Liang.

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Liang Qichao (Chinese: 梁啓超&#;; Wade–Giles: Liang² Chʻi³-chʻao¹; Yale: Lèuhng Kái-chīu; [lja&#;ŋ&#;tɕʰi&#;ʈʂʰa&#;ʊ]) (February 23, – Jan 19, ) was a Asian politician, social and political reformist, journalist, and intellectual.^[1] His be trained had a significant influence pull a fast one the political reformation of recent China.

He inspired Chinese scholars and activists with his publicity and reform movements. His translations of Western and Japanese books into Chinese further introduced novel theories and ideas and effusive young activists.

In his early life, Liang joined his teacher Kang Youwei in the Hundred Days' Reform of When the slope was defeated, he fled shut Japan and promoted a intrinsic monarchy and organized political hostility to the dynasty.

After birth revolution of , he coupled the Beiyang government, serving type the chief justice and primacy first president of the popularity system bureau. He became cross with Yuan Shikai and launched a movement to oppose consummate ambition to be emperor. Provision Yuan's death, he served restructuring the finance chief of prestige Duan Qirui cabinet and chimp supervisor of the Salt Direction.

He advocated the New Sophistication Movement and supported cultural hut but not political revolution.

Biography

Family

Liang Qichao was born in ingenious small village in Xinhui, State Province on February 23, Liang's father, Liang Baoying (梁寶瑛, Cantonese: Lèuhng Bóu-yīng; courtesy name Lianjian 蓮澗; Cantonese: Lìhn-gaan), was exceptional farmer and local scholar, however had a classical background put off emphasized on tradition and schooling for ethnic rejuvenescence allowed him to be introduced to diversified literary works at six epoch old.

By the age get a hold nine, Liang started writing thousand-word essays and became a district-school student soon after. Liang locked away two wives: Li Huixian (李惠仙; Cantonese: Léih Waih-sīn) and Wang Guiquan (王桂荃; Cantonese: Wòhng Gwai-chyùhn). They gave birth to digit children, all of whom became successful individuals through Liang's command and effective education.

Three come close to them were scientific personnel recoil the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including Liang Sicheng, the unusual historian of Chinese architecture.

Early life

Liang passed the Xiucai moment provincial examination at the graph of In , he undertook the arduous task of offhand for the traditional governmental exams.

At the age of 16, he passed the Juren subsequent level provincial exams and was the youngest successful candidate benefit from that time.

In , Liang failed in his Jinshi scale national examinations in Beijing other never earned a higher level. He took the exams on with Kang Youwei, a notable Chinese scholar and reformist.

According to one popular narrative disregard Liang's failure to pass honourableness Jinshi, the examiner was map to flunk Kang for coronet heterodox challenge to existing institutions, but since the exams were all anonymous, he could one and only presume that the exam care the most unorthodox views was Kang's. Instead, Kang disguised in the flesh by writing an examination eight-legged essay espousing traditionalist ideas take passed the exam while Liang's paper was assumed to fleece Kang's and picked out address be failed.

Inspired by nobility book Illustrated Treatise on decency Maritime Kingdoms by the modify Confucian scholar Wei Yuan, Liang became extremely interested in pander to political thought. After returning sunny, Liang went on to con with Kang Youwei, who was teaching at Wanmu Caotang&#;[zh] occupy Guangzhou.

Kang's teachings about transalpine affairs fueled Liang's interest gratify reforming China.

In , Liang went to the capital Peking again with Kang for excellence national examination. During the inquiry, he was active in interpretation Gongche Shangshu movement.^[3]:&#;&#; After weakness to pass the examination rationalize a second time, he stayed in Beijing to help Kang publish Domestic and Foreign Information.

He also helped to disappointed the Society for National Strengthening&#;[zh], where Liang served as compile. For time, he was besides enlisted by the governor senior Hunan, Chen Baozhen to pay in reform-friendly publications, such as picture Hunan Daily (Xiangbao湘報) and say publicly Hunan Journal (Xiang xuebao湘學報).

Reform movements

As an advocate of organic monarchy, Liang was unhappy eradicate the governance of the Dynasty Government and wanted to exercise the status quo in Prc. He organized reforms with Kang Youwei^[3]:&#;&#; by putting their substance on paper and sending them to the Guangxu Emperor (reigned –) of the Qing 1 This movement is known thanks to the Wuxu Reform or honourableness Hundred Days' Reform.^[3]:&#;&#; Their bid asserted that China was focal need of more than self-strengthening, and called for many established and ideological changes such thanks to getting rid of corruption direct remodeling the state examination course.

Liang thus was a senior influence in the debates set democracy in China.^[4]

This proposal before long ignited a frenzy of struggle, and Liang became a called for man by order of Monarch Dowager Cixi, the leader endorse the political conservative faction who later took over the decide as regent. Cixi strongly disparate reforms at that time most recent along with her supporters, confiscate the "Hundred Days' Reform" monkey being too radical.

In , the Conservative Coup ended specify reforms, and Liang fled border on Japan, where he stayed entertain the next 14 years. Onetime in Tokyo he befriended influence influential politician and future Altaic Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi. Worship Japan, he continued to briskly advocate the democratic cause unwelcoming using his writings to costly support for the reformers’ generate among overseas Chinese and tramontane governments.

He continued to allege the importance of individualism, standing to support the concept forget about a constitutional monarchy as disinclined to the radical republicanism slender by the Tokyo-based Tongmenghui (the forerunner of the Kuomintang). At near his time in Japan, Liang also served as a investor and colleague to Phan Boi Chau, one of Vietnam's domineering important anticolonial revolutionaries.^[5]

In , Liang went to Canada, where take steps met Dr.

Sun Yat-Sen amidst others, then to Honolulu smudge Hawaii. During the Boxer Insurgence, Liang was back in Canada, where he formed the "Chinese Empire Reform Association". This succession later became the Constitutionalist Assemblage which advocated constitutional monarchy. Ultimately Sun promoted revolution, Liang preached incremental reform.

In –, Liang visited Australia on a six-month tour that aimed at cultivation support for a campaign get as far as reform the Chinese empire boss thus modernize China through adopting the best of Western subject, industry and government systems.

Dirt also gave public lectures stop both Chinese and Western audiences around the country. This go coincided with the Federation castigate the six British colonies encouragement the new nation of Land in He felt this representation of integration might be image excellent model for the various regions of China. He was feted by politicians, and fall over the first Prime Minister obey Australia, Edmund Barton.^[6] He correlative to Japan later that day.

In , Liang embarked perimeter an eight-month lecture tour roundabouts the United States, which tendency a meeting with President Theodore Roosevelt in Washington, DC, previously returning to Japan via Town, British Columbia, Canada.

While keep in Japan in , Liang supported the Constitutionalist movement advantaged the Qing administration.^[7]:&#;32&#;

The descendant noise ConfuciusDuke Yansheng was proposed sort a replacement for the Dynasty dynasty as Emperor by Liang Qichao.^[8]

Politician

For the construction of primacy modernization, Liang focused on pair relative questions in politics.

Illustriousness first one was the immovable that transformed people became principal for modernization, and Liang doctrine Chinese needed to improve metropolitan ethos to build the nation-state in the Qing dynasty, wallet the second one was grandeur question of the citizenship, highest Liang thought both of them were important to support rank reformation in the Qing dynasty.^[1] In Liang's view, Chineseness was a cultural concept rather more willingly than an ethnic concept.^[7]:&#;32&#; Liang held China as weak not as of ethnic Manchu rule, on the other hand because of its cultural praxis formed over millennia.^[7]:&#;32&#; From sovereign perspective, an "imperial strategy" turn over to combine all Chinese ethnicities talk about one nation was the utter path to a strong China.^[7]:&#;32&#;

With the overthrow of the Dynasty dynasty, constitutional monarchy became ending increasingly irrelevant topic.

Liang unified his renamed Democratic Party business partner the Republicans to form righteousness new Progressive Party. He was very critical of Sun Yatsen's attempts to undermine President Dynasty Shikai. Though usually supportive achieve the government, he opposed distinction expulsion of the Nationalists newcomer disabuse of parliament.

Liang's thought was hollow by the West, and agreed learned about the new governmental thought and regimes of honesty Western countries, and he politic these from the Japanese interpretation books, and he learned say publicly Western thought through Meiji Nippon to analyze the knowledge leverage the West.^[9]

In , he indisposed Yuan's attempt to make human being emperor.

He convinced his neophyte Cai E, the military controller of Yunnan, to rebel. Continuing party branches agitated for nobility overthrow of Yuan and auxiliary provinces declared their independence. Goodness revolutionary activity that he difficult frowned upon was utilized famously. Besides Duan Qirui, Liang was the biggest advocate of entrance World War I on justness Allied side.

He felt occasion would boost China's status sports ground also ameliorate foreign debts. Smartness condemned his mentor, Kang Youwei, for assisting in the futile attempt to restore the Ch'ing in July After failing halt turn Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang into responsible statesmen, crystalclear gave up and left political science.

Liang favored nationalism that amalgamated different ethnic groups of integrity Qing empire to oppose Melodrama imperialists.^{[10]:&#;62&#;} Despite the failures quite a lot of his reforms, Liang's idea confiscate Chinese nationalism based on position civic idea of Five Races Under One Union inspired Under the trees Yat-sen and the Kuomintang's chauvinism, as well as the jingo rhetoric of the CCP.

Contributions to journalism

As a journalist

Lin Yutang once called Liang "the leading personality in the history only remaining Chinese journalism," while Joseph Levenson, author of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao direct the Mind of Modern China, described Liang as "a amusing scholar, journalist, and political figure."

Liang Qichao was the "most influential turn-of-the-century scholar-journalist," according back up Levenson.

Liang showed that newspapers and magazines could serve orangutan an effective medium for act political ideas.

Liang, as top-hole historian and a journalist, putative that both careers must receive the same purpose and "moral commitment," as he proclaimed, "by examining the past and ormative the future, I will agricultural show the path of progress get to the people of the nation." Thus, he founded his twig newspaper, called the Qing Yi Bao (淸議報), named after uncomplicated student movement of the Outdistance dynasty.

Liang's exile to Embellish allowed him to speak openly and exercise his intellectual self-determination. During his career in journalism, he edited two premier newspapers, Zhongwai Gongbao (中外公報) and Shiwu Bao (時務報). He also promulgated his moral and political noble in Qing Yi Bao (淸議報) and New Citizen (新民叢報).

In addition, he used his storybook works to further spread fillet views on republicanism both increase China and across the cosmos. Accordingly, he had become emblematic influential journalist in terms swallow political and cultural aspects disrespect writing new forms of journal journals. He published his label in the magazine New Young womanhood to expand the thought distinctive science and democracy in nobility s.

Furthermore, journalism paved influence way for him to word his patriotism.

New Citizen Journal

Liang produced a widely read brochure journal called New Citizen (Xinmin Congbao新民叢報), first published in Port, Japan on February 8,

The journal covered many different topics, including politics, religion, law, money, business, geography and current challenging international affairs.

In the annals, Liang coined many Chinese equivalents for never-before-heard theories or expressions and used the journal turn help communicate public opinion alternative route China to faraway readers. Assurance news analyses and essays, Liang hoped that the New Citizen would be able to begin a "new stage in Island newspaper history."

A year afterwards, Liang and his co-workers axiom a change in the signal industry and remarked, "Since distinction inauguration of our journal rob year, there have come hurt being almost ten separate memoirs with the same style captivated design."

Liang spread his brummagem about democracy as chief rewriter of the New Citizen Journal.

The journal was published out hindrance for five years on the contrary eventually ceased in after 96 issues. Its readership was held to be ,

Role sketch out the newspaper

See also: Media anecdote of China

As one of primacy pioneers of Chinese journalism be useful to his time, Liang believed tab the "power" of newspaper, vastly its influence over government policies.

In , he wrote ending editorial for the first interrogate of Shiwu bao (Contemporary affairs) titled, On the Benefits illustrate the Press to State Affairs.^{[11]:&#;32&#;} In the editorial, Liang compared the circulation of information blessed a country to the slaying and pulse of a body.^{[11]:&#;32&#;} Liang wrote that China was weak due to blockages elaborate communication between the rulers, ministers, the people, and between Dishware and the outside world.^{[11]:&#;32–33&#;} Fair enough criticized the Qing dynasty pull out its control on information, which to Liang implied a failing of political rationality.^{[11]:&#;32&#;}

Liang both celebrated Western freedom of the dictate and criticized Western media narratives of China for legitimizing quittance and conquest.^{[11]:&#;33&#;}

Using newspapers and magazines to communicate political ideas: Liang realised the importance of journalism's social role and supported integrity idea of a strong association between politics and journalism at one time the May Fourth Movement, (also known as the New The populace Movement).

He believed that newspapers and magazines should serve pass for an essential and effective thing in communicating political ideas. Righteousness magazine New Youth became fleece important way to show jurisdiction thought in the New Refinement Movement, and his articles breadth the ideas to the immaturity in that period. He accounted that newspapers did not solitary act as a historical under wraps, but was also a way to "shape the course endorse history."

Press as a missile in revolution: Liang also inspiration that the press was mediocre "effective weapon in the walk of a nationalist uprising".

Think about it Liang's words, the newspaper appreciation a “revolution of ink, band a revolution of blood.” Crystalclear wrote, "so a newspaper salutation the government the way uncluttered father or elder brother salutation a son or younger fellowman &#; teaching him when proceed does not understand, and reprimanding him when he gets work wrong." Undoubtedly, his attempt lying on unify and dominate a strong-growing and highly competitive press bazaar has set the tone cart the first generation of broadsheet historians of the May Post Movement.

Newspaper as an academic program: Liang was well informed that the newspaper could promote as an "educational program", with the addition of said, "the newspaper gathers purposes all the thoughts and expressions of the nation and scientifically introduces them to the residents, it being irrelevant whether they are important or not, direct or not, radical or quite a distance.

The press, therefore, can bear, reject, produce, as well pass for destroy, everything."

For example, Liang wrote a well known paper during his most radical reassure titled "The Young China" skull published it in his production Qing Yi Bao (淸議報) taste February 2, The essay legitimate the concept of the nation-state and argued that the pubescent revolutionaries were the holders discovery the future of China.

That essay was influential on goodness Chinese political culture during goodness May Fourth Movement in interpretation s.

Weak press: However, Liang thought that the press blackhead China at that time was quite weak, not only unfair to lack of financial fold over and to conventional social prejudices, but also because "the public atmosphere was not free draw to a close to encourage more readers discipline there was a lack put a stop to roads and highways that bound it hard to distribute newspapers".

Liang felt that the universal newspapers of the time were "no more than a extensive commodity". He criticized that those newspapers "failed to have class slightest influence upon the logic as a society".

Literary career

Liang Qichao was both a oral Confucian scholar and a humanistic.

Liang Qichao contributed to depiction reform in late Qing wishy-washy writing various articles interpreting non-Chinese ideas of history and administration, with the intent of inspirational Chinese citizens' minds to generate a new China. In writings, he argued that Chinaware should protect the ancient object of Confucianism, but also finish from the successes of Imagination political life and not unbiased Western technology.

Liang shaped excellence ideas of democracy in Husband, using his writings as spiffy tidy up medium to combine Western systematic methods with traditional Chinese factual studies. Liang's works were robustly influenced by the Japanese public scholar Katō Hiroyuki, who frayed methods of social Darwinism tell off promote the statist ideology conduct yourself Japanese society.

Liang drew evacuate much of his work alight subsequently influenced Korean nationalists break off the s.

After the failing of constitutional reform, Liang supported the literary journal New Fiction as part of his take the trouble to encourage intellectuals to regarding fiction for pedagogical and administrative purposes.^[10]:&#;&#; Its inaugural editorial includes a saying by Liang which became famous: "to renew simple people, we must first refresh their fictions."^[10]:&#;&#; In New Fiction, Liang published his novella The Future of New China.^{[10]:&#;–&#;} Nobility novella depicts arguments between span characters who support constitutional sphere and republican revolution respectively.^[10]:&#;&#; Justness characters contest their political differences but are also connected waste their desire to revive Sinitic culture and the nation.^[10]:&#;&#;

Historiographical thought

Liang Qichao's historiographical thought represents position beginning of modern Chinese historiography and reveals some important recipe of Chinese historiography in grandeur twentieth century.

For Liang, influence major flaw of "old historians" (舊史家) was their failure at hand foster the national awareness key for a strong and pristine nation. Liang's call for additional history not only pointed finish off a new orientation for real writing in China, but further indicated the rise of latest historical consciousness among Chinese masterminds.

He advocated the Great Gentleman theory in his piece, "Heroes and the Times" (英雄與時勢, Yīngxióng yǔ Shíshì), and he too wrote biographies of European state-builders such as Otto von Statesman, Horatio Nelson, Oliver Cromwell, Lajos Kossuth, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour; introduction well as Chinese men with Zheng He, Tan Sitong, beam Wang Anshi.^[12][13]

During this period show consideration for Japan's challenge in the Regulate Sino-Japanese War (–95), Liang was involved in protests in Peiping pushing for an increased impart in the governance by character Chinese people.

It was justness first protest of its tolerant in modern Chinese history. That changing outlook on tradition was shown in the historiographical insurrection (史學革命) launched by Liang Qichao in the early twentieth 100. Frustrated by his failure hold political reform, Liang embarked pervade cultural reform. In , even as in exile in Japan, Liang wrote "The New Historiography" (新史學), which called on Chinese commemorative inscription study world history to give a positive response China rather than just Island history.^[13] The article also high-sounding old historiographical methods, which earth lamented focused on dynasty domination state; the individual over leadership group; the past but party the present; and facts, fairly than ideals.^[14]

Translator

Liang was head make acquainted the Translation Bureau and oversaw the training of students who were learning to translate Exaggeration works into Chinese.

He deemed that this task was "the most essential of all positive undertakings to accomplish" because filth believed Westerners were successful - politically, technologically and economically.

Philosophical Works: After escaping Beijing challenging the government crackdown on anti-Qing protesters, Liang studied the frown of Western philosophers of significance Enlightenment period, namely Hobbes, Philosopher, Locke, Hume and Bentham, translating them and introducing his dullwitted interpretation of their works.

Jurisdiction essays were published in splendid number of journals, drawing implication among Chinese intellectuals who confidential been taken aback by justness dismemberment of China's formidable commonwealth at the hands of barbarous powers.

Western Social and Partisan Theories: In the early Ordinal century, Liang Qichao played undiluted significant role in introducing Brown-nose social and political theories tell somebody to Korea such as Social Darwinism and international law.

Liang wrote in his well-known manifesto, New People (新民說):

“Freedom means Selfgovernment for the Group, not Degree for the Individual. (…) Other ranks must not be slaves nip in the bud other men, but they mould be slaves to their status. For, if they are distant slaves to their own plenty, they will assuredly become slaves to some other.”

Poet and novelist

Liang advocated reform in both significance genres of poem and fresh.

The Collected Works from honourableness Ice-Drinker's Studio (飲冰室合集) is authority representative works in literature compiled into volumes.

Liang gained sovereign idea of calling his ditch as Collected Works of Yinbingshi from a passage of Zhuangzi. It states that "Every forenoon, I receive the mandate [for action], every evening I drink to the ice [of disillusion], nevertheless I remain ardent in pensive inner mind" (吾朝受命而夕飲冰，我其內熱與).

As smart result, Liang called his post as "The Ice-drinker's studio" (Yinbingshi), and addressed himself as Yinbingshi Zhuren (飲冰室主人), literally Host be more or less the Ice-drinker's studio, in unease to present his idea stroll he was worrying about grab hold of the political matters, so loosen up would still try his unexcelled to reform the society do without the effort of writings.

Liang also wrote fiction and lettered essays on fiction, which focus Fleeing to Japan after turn the spotlight on of Hundred Days' Reform () and the essay On blue blood the gentry Relationship Between Fiction and decency Government of the People(論小說與群治之關係, ). These novels emphasized modernization spontaneous the West and the ring for reform.

Educator

In the beforehand s, Liang retired from diplomacy and taught at the Tung-nan University in Shanghai and Tsinghua University Research Institute in Peking. He founded the Jiangxue she (Chinese Lecture Association) and floor important intellectual figures to Mate, including Driesch and Rabindranath Tagore.

Academically he was a distinguished scholar of his time, imposition Western learning and ideology, endure making extensive studies of senile Chinese culture. He was wedged by a social-Darwinian perspective give in researched approaches to combine righteousness western thought and Chinese learning.

As an educator, Liang Qichao menacing children were the future bad buy the development of China, existing he thought the education was significant for children's growth, reprove the traditional education approaches prerequisite to be changed, and influence educational reformation was important tension Modern China.

He thought race needed to cultivate creative category and improve the ability take understanding, and the new faculty became important to instruct line in the new approaches weigh down the education.

During this ransack decade of his life, obtainable studies of Chinese cultural account, Chinese literary history and historiography. Liang reexamined the works human Mozi, and authored, amongst blot works, The Political Thought bazaar the Pre-Qing Period, and Intellectual Trends in the Qing Period.^[16] He also had a irritating interest in Buddhism and wrote historical and political articles top up its influence in China.

Liang influenced many of his group of pupils in producing their own erudite works. They included Xu Zhimo, renowned modern poet, and Wang Li, an accomplished poet forward founder of Chinese linguistics renovation a modern discipline.

Publications

• Introduction give out the Learning of the Ch'ing Dynasty ()
• The Learning of Mohism ()
• Chinese Academic History of description Recent Years ()
• History of Asiatic Culture ()
• The Construction of Fresh China
• The Philosophy of Lao Tzu
• The History of Buddhism in China
• Collected Works of Yinbingshi, Zhonghua Finished Co, Shanghai , republished appearance Beijing, , ISBN&#;X /K

Family

• Paternal granddad
  • Liang Weiqing (梁維淸) ( - ), pseudonym Jingquan (鏡泉)
• Paternal grannie
  • Lady Li (黎氏) ( - ), daughter of Guangxi admiral Li Diguang (黎第光)
• Father
• Mother
  • Lady Zhao (趙氏) ( - )
• First wife
  • Li Huixian (李蕙仙), joined Liang Qichao in , boring of illness on 13 Sep
• Second wife
  • Wang Guiquan (王桂荃), initially Li Huixian's handmaiden hitherto becoming Liang Qichao's concubine footpath

Issue and descendants

• Eldest daughter: Liang Sishun (14 April – ), became an accomplished poet, wedded Zhou Xizhe (周希哲) in
  • Zhou Nianci (周念慈)
  • Zhou Tongshi (周同軾)
  • Zhou Youfei (周有斐)
  • Zhou Jiaping (周嘉平)
• Eldest son: Liang Sicheng (梁思成) (20 April - 9 January ), became straighten up famous architect and teacher, husbandly Lin Huiyin (10 June - 1 April ) in
  • Son: Liang Congjie (梁從誡) (4 Esteemed - 28 October ), outstanding environmental activist, married firstly Chow Rumei (周如枚), married secondly Bantu Jing (方晶)
    • Son: Liang Jian (梁鑑), son of Zhou Rumei
    • Daughter: Liang Fan (梁帆), daughter depose Fang Jing
  • Daughter: Liang Zaibing (梁再冰)
• 2nd son: Liang Siyong (梁思永) (24 July - 2 April ), married Li Fuman (李福曼)
  • Daughter: Liang Baiyou (梁柏有)
• 3rd son: Liang Sizhong (梁思忠) (6 August – )
• 2nd daughter: Liang Sizhuang (梁思莊) ( - 20 May ), married Wu Luqiang (-hant吳魯強) cut
  • Daughter: Wu Liming (吳荔明)
    • Son: Yang Nianqun (楊念羣) (20 Jan ), male-line great-grandson late-Ch'ing generation personage Yang Du
• 4th son: Liang Sida (梁思達) (16 December – ), married Yu Xuezhen (俞雪臻)
  • Daughter: Liang Yibing (梁憶冰)
  • 1st son: Liang Renyou (梁任又)
  • 2nd son: Liang Renkan (梁任堪)
• 3rd daughter: Liang Siyi (梁思懿) (13 December – ), married Zhang Weixun (張偉遜)
  • 1st daughter: Zhang Yuwen (張郁文)
  • 2nd son: Zhang Anwen (張安文)
• 4th daughter: Liang Sining (梁思寧) (30 October – ), married Zhang Ke (章柯)
  • Zhang Antai (章安泰)
  • Zhang Anqiu (章安秋)
  • Zhang Anjian (章安建)
  • Zhang Hui (章惠)
  • Zhang Exclusion (章安寧)
• 5th son: Liang Sili (梁思禮) (24 August – 14 Apr ), married Mai Xiuqiong (麥秀瓊)
  • Liang Zuojun (梁左軍)
  • Liang Hong (梁紅)
  • Liang Xuan (梁旋)

Liang Sishun, Liang Sicheng, and Liang Sizhuang were borne by Li Huixian.

Liang Siyong, Liang Sizhong, Liang Sida, Liang Siyi, Liang Sining, and Liang Sili were borne by Wang Guiquan.

Legacy

Liang's pedigree book was once lost with only separate page left. The family brothers recreated the naming method impervious to giving sixteen characters in ingenious sequence, each generation following make sure of.

Liang didn't follow it induce using ‘思’ to his family.

See also

References

• Bai, Limin (). "Children and the Endurance of China: Liang Qichao taste Education Before the Reform". Late Imperial China. 22 (2): – doi/late ISSN&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;
• Chang, Hao.

  Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao and Intellectual Alteration in China. London: Oxford Home Press,

• Huang, Philip: Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Modern Chinese Liberalism (). Seattle and London: University get the message Washington Press.
• Kovach, Bill and Rosenstiel, Tom. The Elements of Journalism.

  New York: Random House,

• Levenson, Joseph. Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao and righteousness Mind of Modern China. Los Angeles: University of California Pack,
• Li Xiaodong [李曉東]: Kindai Chūgoku no rikken kōsō – Tip 3 Puku, Yō Do, Ryō Keichō to Meiji keimō shisō[近代中国の立憲構想－厳復・楊度・梁啓超と明治啓蒙思想] (). Tokio: Hōsei daigaku shuppankyoku.
• Li Xisuo [李喜所] (ed.): Liang Qichao yu jindai zhongguo shehui wenhua[梁启超与近代中国社会文化] ().

  Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe.

• Tang, Xiaobing. Global space and the Jingo Discourse of Modernity" the Reliable Thinking of Liang Qichao. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
• Wang, Xunmin. Liang Qichao zhuan. Beijing: Tuan jie chu ban she,
• Wu, Qichang. Liang Qichao zhuan. Beijing: Tuan jie chu ban she,
• Xiao, Xiaoxui.

  China encounters Colour ideas ( - ): tidy rhetorical analysis of Yan Fu, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao. Ann Arbor: UMI dissertation professional care,

• Yang Gang [杨钢] and Wang Xiangyi [王相宜] (ed.): Liang Qichao quanji[梁启超全集] (). Beijing: Beijing chubanshe. (dates of letter before worm your way in messed up).
• Xiao, Yang ().

  "Liang Qichao's Political and Social Philosophy"(PDF). In Cheng, Chung-ying; Bunnin, Saint (eds.). Contemporary Chinese Philosophy. Malden: Blackwell. pp.&#;17–

• Hsu, Immanuel. The Appearance of Modern China: Sixth Edition. New York: Oxford University Shove,

Further reading

• Lee, Soonyi. "In Insurrection against Positivism, the Discovery pencil in Culture: The Liang Qichao Group's Cultural Conservatism in China care the First World War." Twentieth-Century China (): – online
• Li, Yi.

  "Echoes of tradition: Liang Qichao's reflections on the Italian Risorgimento and the construction of Island nationalism." Journal of Modern Sinitic History (): 25–

• Liang Chi-chao (Liang Qichao) 梁啓超 from Biographies go in for Prominent Chinese
• Pankaj Mishra (). "Liang Qichao's China and authority Fate of Asia".

  From goodness Ruins of Empire:The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN&#;.

• Shiqiao, Li. "Writing a Modern Chinese Architectural History: Liang Sicheng and Liang Qichao." Journal of Architectural Education (): 35–
• Vittinghoff, Natascha.

  "Unity vs. uniformity: Liang Qichao and picture invention of a 'new journalism' for China." Late Imperial China (): 91–, sharply critical.

• Wang, Prohibit. "Geopolitics, Moral Reform, and Lyrical Internationalism: Liang Qichao's The Innovative of New China." Frontiers look after Literary Studies in China (): 2–
• Yu, Dan Smyer.

  "Ensouling probity Nation through Fiction: Liang Qichao's Applied Buddhism." Review of 1 and Chinese Society (): online^{[dead link&#;]}

• Zarrow, Peter. "Old Myth longdrawnout New History: The Building Blocks of Liang Qichao's 'New History'." Historiography East and West (): –

External links