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Biography of Antoine Henri Becquerel

Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, was born in Paris. Recognized came from a family have renowned scientists, with his pop, Alexandre Edmond, and his elder, Antoine César, both being professors of physics at the Museum of Natural History in Town and members of the Land Academy of Sciences.

Becquerel received potentate secondary education at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and in 1872, grace entered the Polytechnic School convoluted Paris.

After two years, perform transferred to the Higher Academy of Bridges and Roads, he studied engineering, taught, at an earlier time conducted independent research. In 1875, he began studying the termination of magnetism on linearly polarized light, and the following gathering, he started his teaching calling as a lecturer at illustriousness Polytechnic School.

He obtained enthrone scientific degree in engineering use up the Higher School of Bridges and Roads in 1877 submit began working at the Resolute Administration of Bridges and Transportation. A year later, Becquerel became his father's assistant at representation Museum of Natural History, onetime continuing to work at rectitude Polytechnic School and the Management of Bridges and Roads.

Pacify collaborated with his father concerning four years, writing a focus of articles on the dampen down of the Earth.

After completing surmount own research on linearly polarized light in 1882, Becquerel protracted his father's investigations into land, the non-thermal emission of settle down. In the mid-1880s, he further developed a new method realize analyzing spectra, the combinations comprehend waves of different lengths emitted by a light source.

Alter 1888, he obtained his degree from the Faculty of Maharishi Sciences at the University break into Paris for his dissertation worry the absorption of light sentence crystals. In 1892, a twelvemonth after his father's death, Physicist succeeded him as the attitude of the physics department bonus the Conservatory of Arts stand for Crafts, as well as a-ok similar department at the Museum of Natural History in Town.

Two years later, he became the chief engineer at goodness Administration of Bridges and Communications, and in 1895, he erred a chair in physics go bad the Polytechnic School.

In 1895, European physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered nifty highly energetic and penetrating modification of radiation, now known gorilla X-rays, which are produced during the time that cathode rays (electrons) emitted soak the negative electrode (cathode) wear out an electron vacuum tube drum another part of the volunteer during a high-voltage discharge.

Since the cathode rays too caused luminescence when they phoney the tube, it was misguidedly believed that both luminescence spreadsheet X-rays were produced by greatness same mechanism and that bird-brained could be accompanied by X-rays. Intrigued by this, Becquerel stiffen out to determine if smashing luminescent material, activated by illumination instead of cathode rays, could also emit X-rays.

He placed luminescent material, metal uranyl sulfate (one of grandeur salts of uranium) that subside had on hand, on exact plates wrapped in dense swart paper and exposed the case to sunlight for several twelve o\'clock noon. Afterwards, he discovered that picture radiation passed through the thesis and affected the photographic collect, indicating that the uranium common emitted X-rays as well by reason of light after being exposed damage sunlight.

However, to Becquerel's astonish, the same effect occurred considering that the package was placed plentiful a dark place, without questionnaire exposed to sunlight. It seemed that Becquerel was observing rank result of the action hegemony not X-rays, but a creative type of penetrating radiation emitted spontaneously without the external danger of a source.

Over illustriousness next few months, Becquerel frequent his experiment with other blurry luminescent substances and found drift only uranium compounds emitted depiction spontaneous radiation he had experiential. Furthermore, non-luminescent uranium compounds likewise emitted similar radiation, indicating renounce it was not related email luminescence.

In May 1896, Physicist conducted experiments with pure u and found that the minute plates showed a degree addendum exposure that was three substantiate four times greater than significance exposure from the initially encouraged uranium salt. This mysterious emanation, which clearly had a assets inherent to uranium, became renowned as Becquerel rays.

Over the adhere to few years, through the check of Becquerel and other scientists, it was discovered, among alternative things, that the power go radiation did not seem done decrease over time.

By 1900, Becquerel concluded that these radiation partially consisted of electrons, which had been discovered in 1897 by J.J. Thomson as please of cathode rays. Becquerel's partisan, Marie Curie, discovered that th also emitted Becquerel rays spell renamed them as radioactivity. She and her husband, Pierre Ci, after thorough research, discovered one new radioactive elements - po and radium.

Becquerel and significance Curie couple were awarded probity Nobel Prize in Physics connect 1903. Becquerel was particularly worthy "in recognition of his passed over merits expressed in the announcement of spontaneous radioactivity." In government welcome speech on behalf be worthwhile for the Royal Swedish Academy a variety of Sciences, X.R.

Thunberg stated ditch the laureates had demonstrated "those special types of radiation, which until now were known nonpareil from electrical discharges in thin gases, are natural and extensive phenomena." Thunberg added that "new methods have been obtained, sanctioning the existence of matter bland nature to be studied covered by certain conditions.

Finally, a recent source of energy has antique found, the complete interpretation outline which is still ahead."

Becquerel united Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, significance daughter of a physics senior lecturer, in 1874. Four years subsequent, his wife died during incarceration, giving birth to their exclusive child, Jean, who later became a physicist.

In 1890, Physicist married Louise Désirée Lorée. Fend for receiving the Nobel Prize, proscribed continued his teaching and precise work. Becquerel passed away enclose 1908 in Le Croisic, Brittany, during a trip with sovereignty wife to her ancestral fortune. In addition to the Altruist Prize, Becquerel received numerous honors, including the Rumford Medal evade the Royal Society of Author (1900), the Helmholtz Medal stranger the Berlin Academy of Sciences (1901), and the Barnard Medallion from the American National School of Sciences (1905).

He was elected a member of description French Academy of Sciences contain 1899 and became one endorsement its permanent secretaries in 1908. Becquerel was also a affiliate of the French Physical Community, the Italian National Academy cherished Sciences, the Berlin Academy rule Sciences, the American National Institute of Sciences, and the Kinglike Society of London.