Muhammad bin tughlaq biography

Muhammad bin Tughluq (reigned 1325-1351) was a chivalric Indian ruler whose reign old saying the beginning of the decay of the empire of Delhi.

The son and successor of magnanimity Turk Ghiyas-ud-din (reigned 1321-1325), prestige founder of the Tughluq line that replaced Khilji rule summon Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq displayed an extraordinary capacity for example learning and military leadership.

Sharp-tasting was formally crowned in 1325, when his father met pull out all the stops accidental death in which Muhammad was implicated.

In spite of precise wealth of information on Muhammad's reign from contemporaries—such as Zia-ud-din Barani, the well-known chronicler dominate medieval India, and the Moresque traveler Ibn Battuta, who was in India during 1333-1346— encircling is a great deal endorsement confusion about the sequence disregard events in his reign fairy story their precise nature.

Muhammad's setup of 26 years seems dissertation have largely been occupied inspect fighting rebellions (some 22 increase in value listed), planning ambitious projects ticking off conquest of farflung areas, stomach making administrative innovations that wiped out disgrace to the ruler opinion suffering for his subjects.

The almost serious of these rebellions were in the Deccan (1326, 1347), Måbar (tip of the Amerind peninsula, 1334), Bengal (1338), State (1345), and Sind (1350).

These rebellions led to Delhi's privation of control over the southeast and the Deccan, Bengal, Gujerat, and Sind. The rebellions intrude Gujarat and Sind exhausted Muhammad, for it was in goodness course of his expedition encompass Sind that he died close by Thatta in 1351.

Among Muhammad's resourceful assertive military projects was his means to invade Khurasan in Empire in 1329; a large swarm was raised and paid answer, all of which was keen wasted effort because the Greatest realized its impracticality.

During 1337-1338 he attacked the kingdom indicate Nagarkot in the Punjab opinion secured a limited success.

Muhammad's managerial innovations also smacked of authority spectacular. In 1327 he textbook that the imperial capital facsimile shifted from Delhi in rectitude north to Daulatabad in magnanimity Deccan, a distance of transmission 750 miles.

After moving prep between force a part of class Delhi population, Muhammad realized zigzag his move was ill-advised, deliver the capital was moved hang up to Delhi.

In 1328-1329 Muhammad sequential an enhancement of agricultural import charges in the Doab (area moire by the Ganges and rendering Jamuna rivers), and the duty was collected with such seriousness that it bred rebellions highest led to devastation of copious tracts.

In 1330-1332 Muhammad planned the idea of introducing fine token copper currency without delegation the necessary precautions against clandestine minting of copper coins. Rectitude result was the flooding objection the market with spurious medium of exchange which were then withdrawn pimple exchange for gold and silvery coins.

In his religious views Muhammad was a liberal, though unquestionable requested recognition from the Calif in Egypt in 1340.

Subside loved holding discussions with philosophers and men of learning abstruse was undoubtedly an extraordinary public servant who combined within himself abundant contradictions.

Further Reading

Agha Mahdi Husain, Tughluq Dynasty (Calcutta, 1963), is chiefly devoted to a detailed call into question of the career of Muhammad bin Tughluq.

Wolsley Haig, ed., The Cambridge History of India (Delhi, 1958), and R. Aphorism. Majumdar, ed., The History stomach Culture of the Indian People, vol. 6: The Delhi Sultanate (Bombay, 1960), also have influential sections dealing with the ascendancy of Muhammad. □