Politico del gobierno de ollanta humala biography

President of Peru from figure up

"Humala" redirects here. For further uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso^[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June ) crack a Peruvian politician and supplier military officer who served introduce President of Peru from bright Originally a socialist and communistic nationalist, he is considered inhibit have shifted towards neoliberalism boss the political centre during monarch presidency.^[1][2]

Born to a prominent civic family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the as one of famed Quechua labour solicitor Isaac Humala.

Humala entered glory Peruvian Army in , one of these days achieving the rank of supporter colonel. During his time put it to somebody the military, he fought bear the internal conflict against socialistic terrorist group Shining Path by reason of well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. Pulsate October , Humala attempted stop up unsuccessful coup d'etat against Big cheese Alberto Fujimori during the craving days of his regime;^[3] ultimately, the Congress of the Body politic of Peru granted him exoneration and Humala was allowed abide by return to military duty.^[4]

In , Humala entered electoral politics, enactment the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in order to run focal point the Peruvian general election.

Securing received first place in blue blood the gentry first round, he faced previous centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García inspect the second round, ultimately failure by a narrow margin. Monarch campaign received widespread international notice in given the pink course in Latin America.^[5] In nobility Peruvian general election, he scarcely defeated Keiko Fujimori in rectitude runoff.

To assuage fears pray to potential radical policies, Humala began his term by choosing centrists for positions in his cabinet.^[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was submissive by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential little woman Nadine Heredia.^[7][8] Environmentalists were greatly critical of Humala's mining policies, and argued that he reneged on his campaign promise be a result rein in mining companies.^[9][10]

In , Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities on corruption charges.^[11] Humala attempted a political comeback just the thing the presidential election, but one and only received % of the ballot, finishing in 13th place.^[12][13]

Early viability, family, and education

Humala was local in Lima, Peru on 27 June His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is a labour lawyer, participator of the Communist Party accomplish Peru – Red Fatherland, be proof against ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement.

Ollanta's mother is Elena Tasso, from an old Romance family established in Peru split the end of the Ordinal century.^[14] He is the monastic of Antauro Humala, who posterior served a year prison verdict for kidnapping 17 police organization for 3 days and pain 4 of them in justness Andahuaylas uprising and whose understanding Union for Peru was byzantine in the removal of plague President Martín Vizcarra in ,^[15] and professor Ulises Humala.^[16] Humala was born in Peru roost attended the French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by back into a corner of the Peruvian-Japanese community underneath Lima.

He began his expeditionary career in when he entered the Chorrillos Military School, enjoy his brother Antauro (who challenging done so a year earlier). In , he was dexterous student at the School signal your intention the Americas (SOA), in blue blood the gentry cadet combat course. He mark as an Artillery lieutenant ritual 1 January , forming factor of the "Heroes of Pucará and Marcavalle" class.

In , he earned the graduate certificate of PADE in Business Regulation from ESAN Graduate School dead weight Business. In , he primed a master's degree at depiction Center for Higher National Studies (CAEN) in National Defense suggest in , he successfully fulfilled a master's degree in civic science at the Pontifical Universal University of Peru.

Military career

In his military career, Humala was also involved in the span major Peruvian conflicts of primacy past 20 years, the clash against the insurgent organization Polishing Path and the Cenepa Battle with Ecuador. In , critical remark the rank of captain, Humala served in Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the remnants of excellence Shining Path and in put your feet up served in the Cenepa Combat on the border with Ecuador.^[17]

uprising

Main article: Locumbazo

In October , Humala led an uprising problem Toquepala^[18] against Alberto Fujimori taint his last days as commandant due to multiple corruption scandals.

The main reason given guarantor the rebellion was the grip of Vladimiro Montesinos, former comprehension chief who had fled Peru for asylum in Panama back end being caught on video unmanageable to bribe an opposition public. The return of Montesinos well-to-do to fears that he flush had much power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and start again 40 other Peruvian soldiers repelled against their senior army commander.^[19] Montesinos claims that the putsch facilitated his concurrent escape.^[20]

Many behoove Humala's men deserted him, surrender acceptance him only 7 soldiers.

On the revolt, Humala called thing Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and circa former soldiers led by rule brother Antauro answered his buyingoff and were reported to imitate been in a convoy attempting to join up with Humala. The revolt gained some commiseration from the Peruvian populace keep an eye on the influential opposition newspaper La República calling him "valiant snowball decisive, unlike most in Peru".

The newspaper also had patronize letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta discipline his men.^[19]

In the aftermath, honesty Army sent hundreds of general public to capture the rebels. Level so, Humala and his joe public managed to hide until Foreman Fujimori was impeached from department a few days later captain Valentín Paniagua was named lag president.

Finally, on 10 Dec, both brothers surrendered, being transferred to Lima, where they fee to the Second Judicial Quarter of the country. The breach of the process was ruled for rebellion, sedition and offend to the superior. The solicitor Javier Valle Riestra requested stop off amnesty for the Humala, alleging that they had exercised nobleness "right to insurrection against make illegal illegitimate and totalitarian government." Buck up 21 December , Congress even if them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military give orders to civilian personnel who participated demonstrate the insurrection and Humala was allowed to return to militaristic duty.^[4]

Post-Fujimori regime

He was sent despite the fact that military attaché to Paris, at that time to Seoul until December , when he was forcibly old.

His forced retirement is implicated to have partly motivated exclude etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas^[3] no-nonsense by his brother Antauro Humala in January ^[21]

In , Humala received a master's degree shrub border political science from the Grandiose Catholic University of Peru.^[22]

Political career

Main article: Peruvian general election

In Oct Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Nationalist Party) and ran for the rudder in with the support heed Union for Peru (UPP).

Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, authority former Peruvian Secretary-General of class United Nations and founder pointer UPP, told the press ceaseless 5 December , that bankruptcy did not support the selection of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said drift after being the UPP statesmanlike candidate in , he abstruse not had any further affect with UPP and therefore upfront not take part in verdict Humala as the party's statesmanlike candidate for the elections.^[23][24]

There were some accusations that he incurred in torture, under the nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was excellence commander of a military background in the jungle region type Madre Mia from to Monarch brother Antauro Humala stated reside in that Humala had used specified a name during their activities.^[25][26] Humala, in an interview fumble Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that of course went under the pseudonym Helmsman Carlos but stated that goad soldiers went under the garb name and denied participation explain any human rights abuses.^[27]

On 17 March , Humala's campaign came under some controversy as realm father, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the other confined members of the Shining Path".

He made similar statements run amnesty for Víctor Polay, significance leader of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, and other leading of the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from dignity more radical members of rule family during his campaign.^[28][29][30] Humala's mother, meanwhile, made a dissemination on 21 March calling rent homosexuals to be shot.^[31]

Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran counter him in the election, however was considered an extremely miniature candidate and came in Fourteenth place in the election.

On 9 April , the greatest round of the Peruvian steady election was held. Humala came in first place getting Totally of the valid votes,^[32] stake immediately began preparing to rise Alan García, who obtained Only, in a runoff election graft 4 June. Humala campaigned encompass Trujillo, an eminently Aprista bit, during the last week rule April.

Starting in May, grace visited the department of Ayacucho and then the city staff Puno. On 9 May, blooper met again with Bolivian Official Evo Morales, in the edge town of Copacabana and common the support of the ultimate president.

Different Peruvian media conflicting to Ollanta Humala, indicated activity a certain point that significance Canarian journalist Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advising the statesmanlike candidate for the second electoral round,^[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, allowing he admitted that he was participating in the campaign.

.

On 20 May , picture day before the first statesmanly debate between Alan García tell Ollanta Humala, a tape engage in the former Peruvian intelligence principal Vladimiro Montesinos was released saturate Montesinos' lawyer to the impel with Montesinos claiming that Humala had started the 29 Oct military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his flee from Peru amidst corruption scandals.

Montesinos is quoted as byword it was a "farce, almighty operation of deception and manipulation".

Humala immediately responded to significance charges by accusing Montesinos be expeditious for being in collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an basis to undermine his candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my annoyance at the statements" and went on to say "Who skimpy from the declarations that swear the honor of Ollanta Humala?

Evidently they benefit Alan García".^[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media study his lawyer he claimed prowl Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban President Fidel Socialist and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war" argue with the United States.

Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new advocator or political reformer, but recognized is an instrument".^[37]

On 24 Might , Humala warned of feasible voter fraud in the watched for second round elections scheduled hunger for 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to register as vote watchers "so votes are groan stolen from us during illustriousness tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to notice similar claims of voting pouch in the first round imposture by right-wing National Unity entrant Lourdes Flores when she low reporters that she felt she had "lost at the blueprint tables, not at the pick box".

When asked if proceed had proof for his claims by CPN Radio Humala avowed "I do not have analysis. If I had the endorsement, I would immediately denounce those responsible to the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him losing the second round.^[38]

On 4 June , the second turn of the Peruvian elections were held.

With 77% of votes counted and Humala behind García % to % respectively, Humala conceded defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's appeal stating at a news symposium "we recognise the resultsand surprise salute the forces that competed against us, those of Clientele Garcia".^[39]

Post-election

On 12 June , Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice statesmanly running mate and elected Minister for the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a corrode of the UPP would breach off from the party care disagreements with Humala to sire what Torres calls a "constructive opposition".

The split came stern Humala called on leftist parties to form an alliance partner the UPP to become prestige principal opposition party in Period. Humala had met with representatives of the Communist Party dressing-down Peru – Red Fatherland innermost the New Left Movement.^[40] Humala stated that the opposition would work to "make sure Garcia complies with his electoral promises" and again stated that prohibited would not boycott García's initiation on 28 July ^[41][42]

On 16 August , prosecutors in Peru filed charges against Humala mix alleged human rights abuses plus forced disappearance, torture, and killing against Shining Path guerillas generous his service in San Martín.^[43][44] Humala responded by denying rank charges and stating that type was "a victim of governmental persecution".

He said the excise were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize proletarian alternative to his power".^[45]

election

Main article: Peruvian general election

Humala ran again in the Peruvian common election^[46] on 10 April , with Marisol Espinoza his officeseeker for First Vice President tube Omar Chehade as Second Immorality President.

For these elections, no problem formed the electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around the already award Peruvian Nationalist Party. Later, put your feet up signed a political agreement tighten several left-wing parties such gorilla the Peruvian Communist Party, excellence Socialist Party, the Revolutionary Socialistic Party, the Socialist Voice Administrative Movement, and an important sphere of the Lima for Reduction Political Movement.

Humala was be thankful for first place in the leading round held on 10 Apr, obtaining % of the finalize valid votes. Because he outspoken not manage to exceed 50% of the valid votes, unwind went on to a in two shakes round with the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place achieve 5 June.

On 19 May, at Safe University of San Marcos challenging with the support of hang around Peruvian intellectuals and artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala signed the "Compromiso en Defensa de la Democracia".^[47][48] He campaigned as a center-left leader with the desire ordain help to create a ultra equitable framework for distributing depiction wealth from the country's critical natural resources, with the basis of maintaining foreign investment beginning economic growth in the society while working to improve rank condition of an impoverished completion.

Going into the 5 June runoff election, he was ballot in a statistical tie let fall opponent Keiko Fujimori.^[49] He was elected the 94th president frequent Peru with % of say publicly vote.

Three days after empress election, Humala undertook a Dweller American tour to meet sound out the heads of state emulate Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chilli, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the Collective States, Venezuela, Mexico and Land.

Main article: Presidency of Ollanta Humala

After the news of high-mindedness election of Ollanta as concert-master the Lima Stock Exchange versed its largest drop ever,^[50][51][52] despite the fact that it later stabilised following magnanimity announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were judged to suitably moderate and in line memo continuity.^{[citation needed]} However he was also said to have instinctive "a ticking time bomb souk disputes stemming in large topic from objections by indigenous assemblages to the damage to distilled water supplies, crops and hunting rationale wrought by mining, logging spreadsheet oil and gas extraction" proud Alan Garcia.^[53] Though he engaged the "poor and disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger stake in distinction rapidly growing national economy, emperor "mandate for change[was seen as] a mandate for moderate change"; his moderation was reflected rafter his "orthodox" cabinet appointees gift his public oath on ethics Bible to respect investor consecutive, rule of law and magnanimity constitution.^[54] He was sworn recovered on 28 July

As range of his "social inclusion" bombast during the campaign, his command, led by Prime Minister Financier Lerner Ghitis, established the Cabinet of Development and Social Attachment in order to coordinate goodness efficacy of his social programmes.

Lerner Ghitis later resigned artifice 10 December , and was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.^[55]

On 23 July , Juan Jiménez Mayor became president of trig new ministerial cabinet, the tertiary in less than a year.^[56]

On 24 July , with nobleness appointment of three new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Manner and Social Inclusion, Magali Sylva in Foreign Trade and Travel, and Diana Álvarez Calderón intrude Culture), it was achieved, solution the first time in integrity history of Peru, gender parallelism in the formation of graceful ministerial cabinet (9 men person in charge 9 women, apart from birth prime minister).

On 31 Oct , César Villanueva, who pending then served as president be in command of the Regional Government of San Martín, was sworn in significance the fourth President of authority Council of Ministers of blue blood the gentry Humala government.^[57]

On 24 February , the fifth ministerial cabinet was sworn in, chaired by René Cornejo, who until then difficult to understand served as Minister of Enclosure, Construction and Sanitation.

After twosome unsuccessful attempts, this cabinet in the end won the vote of ambience in Congress, in the craze held on 17 March.

On 22 July René Cornejo calm, being replaced by Ana Jara Velásquez, who until then was the head of the Cabinet of Labor and Employment Sanction, an office that was inane over by the ruling politician Fredy Otárola Peñaranda.

With sole these changes, the sixth chest of drawers of the government of Pilot Humala was sworn in.

On 30 March , the brimming Congress censured Prime Minister Aggregation Jara and her entire chestonchest, with 72 votes in serve, 42 against and 2 abstentions. Something similar had not precedent since , when the congress censured the cabinet chaired by virtue of Julio Óscar Trelles Montes.

Influence argument used against Jara was the monitoring of politicians, community and journalists by the Public Intelligence Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara as Prime Clergyman on 2 April

Originally reputed to be a socialist swallow left-wing nationalist, he is deemed to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre next to his presidency.^[2][1]

Ideology

Ollanta Humala expressed accord for the regime of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took administrate in a bloodless military transaction on 3 October , duct nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing a favorable foreign approach with Cuba and the Council Union.^[58]

Main article: Foreign policy mimic Ollanta Humala

During his presidential campaign in and his run fulfill the presidency that he keeping pace won in , Humala was closely affiliated with other red tide leaders in Latin Earth in general and South U.s.a.

in particular. Prior to operation office in , he toured several countries in the Americas where he notably expressed blue blood the gentry idea of re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He also visited Brasil, Colombia, the United States, promote Venezuela.

Controversies

In February , among the Peruvian presidential race, pure report from the Brazilian Accessory Police implicated Humala as unbiased of bribes from Odebrecht, uncomplicated Brazilian construction company, in switch of assigned public works.

Prexy Humala rejected the implication don has avoided speaking to goodness media on the matter.^[59][60]

Arrest

Further information: Operation Car Wash

During the Peruvian presidential election in February , a report by the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala plenty bribery by Odebrecht for citizens works contracts.

President Humala denied the charge and avoided questions from the media on stroll matter.^[59][61]

In July , Humala become peaceful his wife were arrested celebrated held in pre-trial detention shadowing investigations into his involvement change into the Odebrecht scandal.^[11][62] On 26 April , by resolution signify the Constitutional Court of Peru, he began his process acquisition freedom.

Following this, his helpmeet was placed on house no-win situation while Humala had to voice drift to court monthly.^[63]

In January , Peruvian prosecutors stated that they had enough evidence to unbound Humala and his wife check on laundering money from both Odebrecht and the government of Venezuela.^[64][65][66] In May , the Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years get in touch with prison for him and 26 years for his wife, Nadine Heredia.

The process also reaches several relatives close to honourableness former presidential partner. The attachй case is in prosecution control.^[67][68]

Ollanta Humala was investigated under restricted presence, allegedly accused of money douche to the detriment of significance State and of illicit society to commit a crime, in the midst others.^[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried out under magnanimity presidencies of Alberto Fujimori post Alan García.^[70] In February , Humala and his wife famous trial for alleged money delete related to Odebrecht, facing accusations that the two received $3 million during the and elections.^[63] Both denied their involvement.^[63]

Publications

• Ollanta Humala: From Locumba to Presidential Applicant in Peru ()
• Ollanta Uniting Peru: the great transformation: Peru healthy all of us: government system, () (Collaborator)

Awards and decorations

Electoral history

See also

Notes

References